Wellness Day Write-Up

Wellness Day Write-up; Warming-Up and Cooling Down

Shreya and I chose this topic because we both play sports and have always been told the importance of stretching and warm up with a cooldown, but we have never truly known why. Why is it more important to stretch after a workout and do more dynamic stretching before a workout? That was the main address of our Wellness day so that we were able to research the topic to inform ourselves and also the share our newly profound knowledge with the rest of the class. Since my three sports are different mechanically, I was interested in how to warm-up the efficiently for each sport. When figuring out the topic we wanted to share, we did not want to pick a topic we were clueless about, but we also wanted to do research that would benefit our knowledge as well, and the perfect medium was warming- up.

The most interesting aspects of the information that we researched were the effect on the actual warming up. How the increase in body temperature dissociates oxygen from haemoglobin to myoglobin which makes it easier for lungs to gather oxygen because myoglobin has a low affinity for oxygen, lowers the activation rate of metabolic chemical reactions, increases muscle blood flow, reduction of muscle viscosity or thickness, increase in sensitivity nerve receptors, increase of nerve impulses. Connecting the macro and micro aspects of warming-up now gives me more reason to warm up sufficiently before workouts and not skip them to save time.  The other interesting aspect was how there are many different ways in which people can warm up and the uses that the different stretches have on the body are fascinating. Knowing that there are four different types of stretching, ballistic, static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, now has me focus, while stretching, on which ones are most important for my work out and also have I performed all of them so that my muscles are prepared for anything and everything.

Warming up and cooling down is important to a person's health and wellness because it prevents injuries and or it heals injuries when a body part is currently damaged in any way. Some of the benefits mentioned in the presentation that I found fascinating was that stretching, dynamic and static, can help a person's posture and balance that can help in later years when our bodies are not as strong anymore. The other connection that I made was that static stretching is closely related to yoga but is in a less uniform environment. That said, static stretching is a great stress reliever and also,dynamic stretching can control and prepare an athlete's mindset for the sport. Coming out of this wellness presentation, I was astounded by the mental and physical benefits of warming up and cooling down, and the impacts that it can have on a person’s performance of that activity. Also warming up not only the parts that are used but the others so that the body becomes more balanced.

I would give us a big 10 because we put a lot of work into the presentation and we wanted to share our knowledge through the activity.

Unit 4 Reflection

Unit 4 Reflection

         In this unit, the themes include how the body protects itself either with the physical or molecular components of the body. First, we started with the integumentary system and its basic functions; to protect the body from mechanical, chemical, thermal, and bacterial damage, ultraviolet radiation, and desiccation(drying out). it aids the body in  heat loss and the excretion of urea and uric acid. Starting off with the first and most outer structure of the skin is the epidermis which  is made up of squamous epithelium and has 5 layers called strata. This area does not have a blood stream of its own, is made up of keratin cells, and contains melanin that gives us the color of our skin and when in sun, the melanin is stimulated to reproduce causing more pigment. The Dermis structure is made up of dense connective tissue and contains collagen along with elastin fibers that make the skin go back into place when pulled on (the elastic-ness is lost as people get older causing wrinkles or sagging). There are 2 layers of the dermis; papillary layer, which supports epidermis, nourishes pain receptors and makes fingerprints, and the Reticular layer, which contains blood vessels, sweat, and oil glands, and where follicles of hair and nails form. The last layer of the skin is the hypodermis that is the deepest layer and is made of subcutaneous tissue and absorbs shock and insulator cushion (not actually a part of the skin). Within the skin, there are glands called the appendages of skin. the Cutaneous gland contains the oil glands (sebum product), and the sweat gland. There are the ceruminous glands that are found in ears and secretes cerumen which is the wax found in ears. Hair and hair follicles are flexible epithelial tissue where the root and bulb have a sheath and connects to the muscle at a base called the pili. Burns to the skin can cause problems but there are three degrees; the first is not bad but can cause redness, the second can cause blistering and some damage, and third-degree burns are detrimental to one's heath and can kill a person.
         Next, we learned about the internal defense system; both specific and non-specific. For the non-Specific, the skin is the first layer or protection. other layers include mucus, epiglottis, urin flow, vomiting, tears, and saliva. They all have their different ways of protecting the body. The other aspect of the non-specific defense system is the inflammatory system; when there is harm done to the body, the permeability of blood vessels increase to get more blood flow so that the neuropils are able to help at a faster rate. anti-bodies and clot forming chemicals, cytokines are leaks from capillaries which causes the pain and swelling. Phagocytes will migrate and engulf the microbes that are infecting the body. The repair aspect includes the tissue debris and white blood cells. Fever inhibits microbial growth and speeds up body reactions for the infection to be cleared sooner. Next, includes the specific immunity where helper T cells that are matured in the thymus activate the cytotoxic T-cells that bind to the infected cells and destroy them while sending out cytokines to attract more T-cells. Then there are also B-Cells that secrete antibodies and plasma cells that also secrete antibodies to neutralize the antigen. Cancer is spread by cells that have no control over their limits or they go through mitosis incorrectly and have 2 nuclei. The cancer is sometimes unrecognizable and the immune system is unable to help cure the body. From the debate topics, mine was CRISPR and the one thing that was emphasized was the idea that the immune cells can be taken out and the genes to fight the cancerous cells.
         My strengths are in the immune system and the area that I need more time to actively study is the integumentary system. Usually, when I study I go through and fill out a study guide so that I can refresh my mind. Then afterward, I use a whiteboard to write and draw out all of the ideas and main concepts and everything that I now from it so that I can test what I know and don't know. From the debates, I learned that there is a long waiting list for the organ transplants and that there is unknowing of organ donors situations which make people hesitant to be a donor. Also from the debate, I want to learn more about the CRISPR and how it works rather than just the pros and cons about it.
         I know that I am a visual learner and I learn best by working out the graphs and diagrams that I am learning. Here are my results

• Visual 12
• Aural 8
• Read/Write 3
• Kinesthetic 12

         I am not surprised by these results and I already study using the tools that are accessible to me. The one tool that i could use more of is studying my labs and redoing the explanation of it and connecting the ideas to the rest of the themes. 

Work Cited: 

"School of Life Sciences | Ask A Biologist." B-Cells | ASU - Ask A Biologist. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2016. <https://askabiologist.asu.edu/b-cell>.

"Integumentary (Skin) System." DesiMD. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2016. <http://www.desimd.com/know-your-body/integumentary-skin-system>.

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-07/crispr-gene-editing-technology-explainer/7217782

Unit 3 Reflection

Unit 3 Reflection

       Cardiovascular disease has many different implications involved with it. To begin, a heart attack is when the blood flow to the myocardium is severely reduced or stopped, aka an artery is blocked which can be as a result of atherosclerosis. Other effects include fibrillation; the disruption of normal heart beat rhythm and hazardous contractions. The long term effect includes dead myocardium, weakened heart, and a noncontractile heart.  The symptoms include chest pain, arm or side pain, shortness of breathing, and sweaty and cold skin. Because heart attacks are caused by atherosclerosis, it would be good to go into atherosclerosis and its causes and effects. 

       Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation that is caused by an excess of sugars and polyunsaturated fats, excess omega 6, or damaged blood vessels. Blood tests can tell whether or not atherosclerosis is a factor because a person's LDL will be high and a person's HDL will be lower than usual. Fibrinogen is a blood clotting protein associated with cardiovascular disease.

Here are the steps taken in using a stent to create more blood flow

       To diagnose a heart attack, medics use EKG's which record the electrical signals as they send through the heart, and or a CK-MB, a heart enzyme that is usually elevated during a heart attack. The diagnosis of cardiovascular disease includes an Angiography where a dye is injected and an X-ray imagery is used to see the movement of dye in heart.  Echocardiogram includes images of the heart produced through sound waves, for the visual of valves nd chambers. Electrocardiogram's record EKG electrical signals as they go through the heart. The stress test uses a nuclear scanner while the patient walks on a treadmill and the radioactive substance takes the EKG. 

      Medical treatments for heart disease include beta blocks, aspirin, anti-coagulates, nitroglycerine, calcium ion blockers, and anti-lipids. Surgical ones include a pacemaker, a stent insertion, and a coronary bypass. 

       A stroke is a heart attack for the brain because there is a lack of blood and oxygen to the brain. The types include an Ischemic stroke were the artery becomes blocked, or Hemorrhagic stroke where the artery bursts. 

       Signs of strokes include numbness of face, arm, or leg, confusion or trouble talking, trouble seeing in one or both eyes, dizzy and or trouble walking. 

       The diagnosis of a stroke can be taken with a CT or an MRI. The treatments include TIA and or a stent, anticoagulant or anti-platelet drug.
       In my health, I can eat more foods that have little to no polyunsaturated fats because the buildup causes atherosclerosis, and I do exercise regularly but I could change up my exercise to get a wide variety of them. As I get older I will start to take aspirin every day, in a small dosage, in order to keep my blood thin and prevent my blood from clotting. 

Sheep Heart Dissection

Sheep Heart Dissection:

In our dissection, we observed the anatomy and the physiology of the heart.
1. The purpose of the pericardium is to give protection of the heart by fighting off infection and it also provides lubrication of the heart. The pericardium is a sac filled with fluid.
2. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood to other parts of the body and tend to be larger than the veins; the pulmonary valve carries blood from the heart to the lungs. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood from the body to the heart.
3. The Auricles are unique to sheep hearts and they are there so that the heart has more volume to carry more blood.
4. Since the atria, externally, have a larger cavity than the ventricle, the atria on the inside have a larger air space or capacity which shows externally.
5. The coronary sinus is on the right side because it collects blood from coronary circulation and takes it to the right atrium. This structure is not very large and is hidden.
The inferior vena cava is at the apex of the heart and the inferior vena cava sends deoxygenated blood  from the body to the heart .
the right atrioventricular valve, also known as the tricuspid valve, sends blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle and the flap that extends from the valve along with the cordinae tendenae that is attached to the papillary muscle restricts backflow of blood into the atrium. 
6. This here is a drawing of the tricuspid valve as it had the cordae tendinae attached to it which is then attached to the papillary muscle. 

7.  The anchoring of the cordae tendinae to the papillary muscle is important to the heart function because it prevents the backflow of blood. 

8. By my lowest glove finger, there are two indents which show the entry of the bicuspid valve and the cordae tendinae is underneath. 

 

9. The function of the semilunar valve is to prevent backflow of blood back through the heart once it goes through the aorta and or the pulmonary trunk. 

10. A person with valve disease on the right side may experience swelling in the feet and ankles because there is probably a leakage in the inferior vena cava too which would send blood to the inferior of the body i.e. feet and ankles. 

On the left side there maybe a swelled lung causing chest pain. 

11. On the left side of the heart there is the tricuspid valve that is bringing blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle and attached is the cordae tendinae and if you try to pull on it there is a feel of restriction on the papillary muscle. The same goes for the right side, but instead there are only two flaps  on the valve that attatch to the cordae tendinae. The coronary arteries were seen along to exterior anterior of the heart. 

12. The left side of the heart sends blood to the rest of the body whereas the right side sends blood to the lungs. Because of that, the left sides myocardium is much thicker compared to the right side because the contraction of the myocardium needs to be more forceful since the blood has to be pushed throughout the body. 

13. Here is a drawing of the structures visible to the interior of the cross section except for the aorta. The aorta is seen from the superior or the heart but adding it into the drawing showed where the aortic trunk leads to. 

Mid-Unit Summary

Mid-Unit Summary

       This unit began with the structure and function of the heart. The structure consists of the three layers with in the wall; epicardium, myocardium, the layer that contracts, and the endocardium, which lines the chamber of the heart. With in those layers of wall includes the four chambers which goes as followed. The Right Atria which receives oxygen deprived blood from the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atria, the blood moves through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle and then the blood moves through the pulmonary artery outside the heart and into the lungs. from the lungs the oxygen rich blood goes through the pulmonary veins, into the left atria, through the bicuspid valve, into the left ventricle and out through the aorta.
       If there is an instance where a person stalks up with plaque on the blood vessels, the persons blood pressure can increase which causes strokes if there is no blood flow to the brain, or a heart attack when there is no blood to the heart. Cardiac arrest comes when the heart completely shuts down and stops working. These thin and weak blood vessels occur because of fatty material that deposits on the inside of the blood vessel and makes it less flexible and harder for blood to flow.
       The cardiovascular system consists of major components such as the heart, arteries, blood away from heart, veins, blood back to heart, and blood, the fluid that fills the circulatory system. Accessory organs include the lungs where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is  released, kidneys where wastes are removed from blood, small intestine where digestion and absorption occurs, large intestine where water is absorbed, liver where blood is detoxified, spleen where red blood cells are recycled, and bone marrow where spongy cells of bone make red blood cells.
       Blood pressure is a measure of the force excreted by the blood walls of the arteries. the systolic pressure is the result of the contraction of the ventricles while the diastolic pressure is during the ventricle relaxation.
       Red blood cells have no nucleus, no genetic material, and no mitochondria. cannot divide, carries oxygen, sometimes, and has about a 120 day lifespan. White blood cells are larger than RBC and they help fight off microbes. The white blood cells include neutrophils, basophils, eosinophilis, cymphocytes, and monocytes.

Blood Pressure Lab

       When listening through a stethoscope after cutting off blood flow with a sphygmomanometer, the first burst of blood to go through the brachial artery, the artery that the blood is being cut from, creates a high pitched noise that comes from the highest pressure achieved from the contraction. That high pitched noise is the from the systole, and the pressure is called the systolic pressure.

Blood Pressure Lab Results

       The diastole is the loud "whoosh" sound that occurs once the heartbeat is becoming more and more normal.  After the diastole, there is silence which shows that that last noise of a beat was the diastole. 

       The equipment use for heart rate is a stethoscope while the tool for measuring blood pressure is a sphygmomanometer. 

       A thumb would not be ideal for taking a pulse because it has its own pulse that can be mistaken for the pulse you are trying to take. 

       When using the sphygmomanometer to take blood pressure start by rolling up the sleeves of the person. Next, have the person lay their arm out straight on a table with their palm facing up and arm level with their heart. deflate the cuff completely by squeezing out the air bag when the nozzle is open. Wrap the deflated cuff around his or her arm tightly and place the stethoscope on top of the brachial artery, and then put in the ear pieces. Now for the action; close the air nozzle and pump air onto the cuff until you hear and heel no pulse and then let out the air small amounts at a time.

Chalk Walk

Tour Through the Chalk Heart

The flow of the circulatory system and blood flow go through the heart. The blood goes in through the veins into the heart through the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava or the coronary sinus and then enter the right ventricle, goes through the tricuspid which leads to the right ventricle. From there, the deoxygenated blood runs through the pulmonary valve and into and out of pulmonary arteries and into the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen is put in and carbon dioxide is released. Then the oxygenated blood moves from pulmonary vein to left atrium the through the bicuspid and into the left ventricle where it will make a u-turn and go up the aortic valve where it is the released into the body and the process then starts over.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JmKEQKwy6d8

Unit 2 Reflection

My Unit 2 Health Reflection

Health is the balance of the five pillars of health; Nutrition, stress, social, exercise, and sleep. Each of these pillars, when in balance, creates a strong and healthy human being. When even one pillar is out of balance, the structure as a whole is much weaker. The four hormones that help with the balance of a person includes as followed; insulin, the break down of macroeconomic and the sorting of glucose in the blood; leptin, energy balance; glycogen, the release of of glucagon and stored fat stimulated by low blood sugar; cortisol, the stress hormone. These hormones will go out of balance with certain action such as "overcarbsumption" which will block insulin receptors, or not eating enough fats and forcing your body to tell your mind to eat more fats resulting in the consumption of too much fat. For the hormone of Cortisol, if a persons stress levels raise so does the cortisol. The stages of stress include the alarm stage, resistance stage and exhaustion stage. Alarm phase (1) raises blood pressure, and heart rate but is only a "fight or flight" instance where a person is ready for immediate physical activity. Resistance phase (2) is when large levels of cortisol is released, muscle protein is broken down into sugars, blood sugar s increased, and there is an increase in appetite. One way to relieve stress is through exercise such as aerobic, muscle or bone strengthening, and stretching.

The essential theme of this unit is how to keep ones body healthy and what it takes to make sure you are healthy. As for the students at SHS, they may think that they have everything going for them because they exercise and eat right, having a balances, moderate, variation, and adequate diet, and they include the nutrients they need; carbohydrates, fiber, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, water, and phytochemical, but they do not get enough sleep. During  class, I am a victim of this as well, many students constantly have micro-sleeps where they fall asleep ranging from 1 microsecond to 30 seconds. Also, waking up is a drag and our cortisol levels are not high enough in the mornings and through out the day so our biological time clock will be off since teenagers are feeling sleepy at 12 in the afternoon.

This is why my goal is to sleep better and to decrease my stress; I can accomplish this by getting ahead in homework so that I spread out my homework and won't have excrusiatingly late nights, and if I do, I will make time the next day for a nap. As for the stress portion, I will go on more runs or work out if I am feeling stressed before I try to solve the problems because after I accomplish my stress reliever, my mind will be more in focus and the solving time will be cut down.

One subject that I am comfortable with but not fully comprehending the subject is the secretion and release of hormones. Are they chemical signals that attach to the protein membranes so that a signal is sent through the cell, or are they just released? for next unit I could take the concepts that I learn and further my education in them to reply understand not just their function but the why and how of the subject.

A real world application for me was about 3 weeks ago when I got an average of 2-4 hours of sleep for 3 nights in a row, and then fell sick 5 days afterwards. My body was unable to fight off the pathogen going around school because of my sleep deprivation, and usually I do not get sick, but this time I added a factor working against me not with me, sleep deprivation. Since then, naps have been my best friend and i go to bed much earlier and I have been seeing much improvement. I wake up in the mornings awake, and during the day I do not feel as drowsy and tired as before.

Sleep Diary

My Sleep Diary

To start, this past week is the most sleep that I have gotten in a long time; maybe it is because I have been trying to get to bed early because I know that I have to record it or because I have not had much homework in the past week and I have not had late nights. Either way,  I have noticed a change in my day when I get lots of sleep, I am more energized the next morning and that energy can last me all day. When I do not get sleep, let say about 2-3 hours of sleep, the next day I am not my most energized but the sleep deprivation does not hit me until two days after.


Also, this weekend I was sick, which may have also contributed to my early nights because there was no point in staying up late and not point in waking up early because I could not go anywhere anyways. At night I would wake up 4 or 5 times because of coughing but usually I do not wake up at night with is the reason for the extraneous solutions of 4 and 2 for nights Friday and Saturday respectively. During the day on Sunday, I took a 6 hour nap in the middle of the day and comes Monday, I was feeling much better. In class we talked about how during sleep the body heals itself; well sleep really contributed to my health.

5 Day Nutrition Analysis

Nutrition Analysis of Me from 9/19-9/23

Through these five days that I analyzed my foods, I noticed that there is a lot of nutrient that I am lacking in certain categories such as vitamin A, Magnesium, and Sodium. Sodium is not a component of the daily health category that is important because the body can function without sodium but too much can harm it. Foods that can help my diet increase the vitamin C and Magnesium is through foods such as beef, carrots, and sweet potatoes for vitamin A; although there may be too much vitamin A in those foods for my diet, they will give me more than needed. As for the magnesium, beans, rice, and green leafy foods will make my magnesium capacity fill up daily.

One observation that I noticed about when I eat is that I eat very similar foods each day, there are not many differences among my diet which should change because different foods can give different benefits even if they have the same amount of protein and fiber or calories in it. The excesses that occur in my diet consist of the iron and protein, which makes sense because since I am an athlete I eat protein before and after practice, which would raise my iron levels. Another excess is vitamin C which comes primarily from the fruits that I eat. Instead of so many fruits, I shoulds include more colorful vegetables on my plate and less fruits and carbohydrates.

Ways in which I can keep the other nutrients levels constant but raise the amount of Vitamin A and Magnesium is by adding these foods into my diet; Spinach, pumpkin seed, black beans, figs, and dark chocolate. Eating too much protein can do harm to the body because once there is enough protein for the muscles and all the energy that is needed to be burned off is burned off, then the protein is stored as fat which causes weight gain and dehydration when it takes extra water to be able to break down the proteins. If I then do not drink enough water, my mind will tell me that I am hungry again and go for more food when I am full.

One item that I notices I almost completely cut out of my diet is milk and dairy products. Dairy products contain an abundant amount of calcium and vitamin D which would be beneficial during the winter when I am inside most of the time because it is cooler outside. At the moment I get lots of vitamin D from the sun and calcium from some yogurt and the seafood that I consume, but comes winter and I will need to start drinking more milk than I do now.

Overall, my diet is healthy in a caloric standpoint because my average intake of calories a day is 1854.36 calories when the recommended amount is about 1886.25. I stay active at least five or six days a week and when I work out it will be an intense workout. Because I work out and hard most days of the week, I am constantly hungry, an athlete thing, but I do have to make sure that what I eat is good for my body. I may eat a lot of food but it is good food.

Yes I did have two slices of pie on friday night, but it was my little sisters birthday and as long as it is not every day that I am eating that food, pie will not disturb the sequence of my bodily functions immensely. Yes it will irritate some hormones such as leptin, insulin, insulin, and glucagon, but that is what all sugars do, and it puts the hormones to work. Having too much will hurt the hormones so limit the consumption of sugars and carbohydrates, both found in pie.

My average daily diets: Day 4

Bibliography:

"What Happens If I Overconsume Protein?" Healthy Eating. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.

By Hrefna Palsdottir, MS |. "Authority Nutrition." RSS 20. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.

"Magnesium — Health Professional Fact Sheet." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2016.

HEALTH

Health is the way in which a body feels happy, healthy, and balanced. When a person eats right, exercises regularly, is stress free, and is social, the body is at homeostasis. Not every day of the year will this be a persons current status, but the more we try to keep this homeostasis, the better our bodies will feel in the long term.

Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Ciliated Epithelial Cells:
         Pseudo-stratified Ciliated columnar epithelium is the technical term of the tissue it creates because the layers that the cells create are uneven making the tissue Pseudo-stratified, and the long rectangular and cylindrical shape of the cells makes the tissue columnar and as a whole this tissue is classified as smooth tissue. Surrounding the cell are hair like particles called "Cilia" that stick out of the cell. The purpose of cilia is to help the cell move along the tissue or to get rid of unwanted particles move past the cell; cilia can perform those functions because they typically flow in one direction.
         The cell itself is very basic, unlike our human Eukaryota cells, Ciliated Cells are Prokaryotic and contain a nucleus, and a membrane with the cilia hairs along the edge.  
         There are many different functions for this type of cell, and its function depends on its location, but more often than not, these cells are found in air way passages like nose and lungs. When these cells are in the nose, their function is first to filter out the air that goes through us. All of the large and unwanted particles that go through the nose are filtered out through the Ciliated cells. When a person is ill, mucus will build up in their airways and will block particles from escaping. Mobile Ciliated cells will move the mucus out of the lungs and eventually out of the body. The mobility of these cells are energy generated from enzymes that use adenosine triphosphate to make the cell mobile. The enzyme attaches to the fibers of the cell which generated enough energy to move the cell in one direction. 
         Another function of conjoined cells is to flow cerebral fluids through out the ventricles of the brain to keep that brain healthy, protected, and ready for relay signals.
         The cilia at the edge of the cell make up microtubules which make up the cells cytoskeleton and gives it structure.  Those microtubules then bind together by linkage proteins to make stronger tubes.


 
                                                                                  The large white globs consist of the mucus that is                                                                                     being captured by the Cilia hairs along the Cilliated cells.





Bibliography:

Walker. "What Is Ciliated Epithelium?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2016.

"ABPI - Resources for Schools." Cell Structure and Transport. The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2016.

Anderson, Peter. "PEIR Digital Library." 00222590. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2016

The Crime Investigation of Hana the Banana

Crime Investigation of Patient Hana the Banana

Corner: Maxine Parr

       Through the external examination, we observed that on the left side of our Hana the Banana two lacerations stood out to us. Laceration #1 is medial to the ear and appears to have removed left eye. The gash ends 1 cm superior to the mouth. Laceration #2 is inferior to arm proximal to the feet. As for the right side of Hana, we found puncture wounds and discoloration a total of 2 cm superior to ear. Gash #1 is digital to the elbow and seems to have cut off 2 fingers. Another large gasg, gash #2, is superior to the feet and is cut at an oblique angle. lastly there is a gash #3 which is a right anterior cut 1.5 cm medial to the elbow.

       As for the internal examination, the right side has a gash on the upper right that has protruted into the body cavity towards the right of the frontal plane and about 2.5 cm into the banana. Next there was a gash inferior to the transverse plane at an oblique angle.  The left side included discoloration along the mid-saggional and discoloration inferior to the transverse plane.

 As investigator of this crime I declare the murder of Hana the Banana to be more complex than originally seemed. To start, the murderer stabbed Hana in the foot where she became disabled and unable to run for help. This is marked by the deep lash that went the deepest into her skin. She put up a tough battle on the floor though which is where the discoloration along the mid-sagittal comes in; those marks show a sign of struggle and work on her part. Multiple external wounds, all roughly the same depth and size shows that there was only one knife involved as the murder weapon. The excessive amount of slashes shows that during Hana's battle, she was partially able to get out of the way until the final stab, which took out Hana's left eye, medial to the ear and 1 cm superior to the mouth, leaving her blinded and soon bled out.

Rest in Peace Hana

Work Cited